Anti-lock Braking System is a closed-loop control device that prevents wheel lock-up during braking and as a result vehicle stability and steering is maintained.
This system uses the principle of cadence braking and threshold braking.
The purpose of the Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) is to control the rate at which individual wheels accelerate and de-accelerate through the regulation of the line pressure applied to each foundation brake.
The control signals, generated by the controller and applied to the brake pressure modulating unit, are derived from the analysis of the outputs taken from wheel speed sensors.
Thus, when active, the Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) makes optimum use of the available friction between the tires and the road surface.
There are four main components of the ABS:
The purpose of the speed sensor is to monitor the speed of each wheel and then to determine the acceleration and de-acceleration of the wheels.
It consists of the exciter(a ring with notched teeth)and a wire coil/magnet assembly which generates the pulses of electricity as teeth of exciter pass in front of it.
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The function of the valves is to regulate the air pressure to brakes during the Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS) action.
They are placed in the brake line of each brake controlled by the ABS. In most cases, the valve has three positions:
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The purpose of the pump is to regulate or restore the pressure back to the brakes that have been released by the valves.
The controller of the Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS) consists of the Electronic Control Unit(ECU) which processes all the ABS information and signal functions.
The ECU gets the information from all the wheels and then control or limit the brake force to each wheel.
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Anti-lock braking system or ABS has different types of brakes based on the number of channels used.
This scheme is employed in most modern cars like Ferrari’s California T.
In this scheme, all four wheels have their speed sensors and valves.
This gives the best result as all the four wheels can be controlled Individually which ensures the maximum braking force.
Three-channel comes with two combinations, One is three-channel with four sensors and the Other one with three-channel and three sensors.
In a three-channel and four sensor scheme, along with the four sensors on each wheel, there is a separate valve for each of the front wheels and; A common valve for the rear wheels.
The three-channel and three sensor schemes are mostly employed in pickup trucks.
There are individual sensors and valves for both the front wheels with a common valve and sensor for both of the rear wheels.
This system works with four sensors and two valves.
It uses speed sensors at each wheel, With one control valve for both of the front wheels and the other one for the rear wheels.
This system is found on pickup trucks that use rear-wheel ABS.
It has one valve and one sensor for both of the rear wheels.
This system is not very effective because as there is a possibility that one of the rear wheels will lock, Reducing the effectiveness of brakes.
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