Every fuel injection system will have a throttle body with a butterfly valve. This controls airflow. They will also have one or more fuel injectors to provide fuel. What makes them different is:
Throttle body injection looks like a carburetor. There will usually be between one and four injectors.
Some performance setups may have up to eight. TBI is the most cost-effective way to upgrade to fuel injection.
Like a carburetor, cylinders farthest from the center of the intake manifold will get a little less fuel.
The cooling effect of the air/fuel mix going through the intake can cause fuel to puddle in the manifold.
In the operating cycle, the nozzle, made in the form of an electromagnetic valve, provides a pulsed injection of fuel.
Its design usually includes a spray nozzle, a check valve, a return spring, and a solenoid. The airflow throttle valve is electrically or mechanically controlled.
The main advantages of using TBI to supply fuel to the engine are:
At the time of its introduction, TBI became a system that made it possible to “put” many people, far from understanding the internal processes of the car, behind the wheel.
The fuel mixture is now automatically controlled, reducing fuel costs, improving efficiency, and reducing engine wear.
Previously, in the era of carburetor engines, fuel consumption depended on settings that had to be manually set and adjusted depending on driving style, road conditions, engine behavior, and other factors.
But today, mono injection is an outdated technology that loses to systems with distributed fuel injection in almost everything:
In Multi-Port Injection, only air flows through the throttle body. There will usually be one injector for each cylinder. Some performance setups will have two injectors per cylinder.
With MPI, each cylinder gets the same amount of fuel. Fuel puddling in the manifold is eliminated.
Sequential Multi-Port Injection is an upgrade to multi-port injection.
Like multi-port injection, there are one or two injectors per cylinder and only air goes through the throttle body.
It is a little more efficient and lowers emissions even further.
Sequential injection mainly benefits low-rpm operations.
As rpm gets higher, there is very little difference between sequential and batch fire multi-port injection.
The direct injection works like a sequential multi-port injection except the fuel is injected directly into the cylinder.
It offers huge gains when paired with variable valve timing and forced induction. Due to cost and complexity, it is usually only found as original equipment.
With the location of the injectors, there is no fuel to clean the valves. Direct injection is prone to carbon build-up on the valves and injectors.
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