What the Technician needs to know about the Accelerator pedal position sensors on a Drive by wire system. There are generally two operating system types of APPS units that have been used utilised by manufacturers on the Link-less type – …
Balance shafts In every reciprocating engine, inertial forces and moments of inertia develop due to the oscillating motion of the pistons and connecting rods and the transmission behavior of the crankshaft drive. Some engine configurations, such as the V12 with …
Vehicles Involved: Vehicles equipped with rear drum brakes. Condition: An appearance that the rear drum brake shoes are not making the proper shoe-to-drum contact. Repair Procedure: To determine the brake shoe to drum contact area, the following test may be …
The manual and automatic transmissions from Audi are highly efficient. Irrespective of design, they have all been optimized concerning internal friction and are notable for their wide gear-ratio spread. The term “transmission spacing” refers to the transmission’s gear-ratio range, that …
Condition: Drum-in-Hat Rotor is Stuck on the Parking Brake If you are having trouble removing a drum-in-hat rotor, don’t just take a hammer to it. You may have to adjust the parking brake and back it off the rotor to …
A Radiator Cap Serves Many Purposes 1. A radiator cap keeps the cooling system pressure which raises the boiling point. For every pound of pressure in a closed cooling system, you raise the boiling point by three degrees. At sea …
This document describes the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s non-binding guidance to the automotive industry for improving motor vehicle cybersecurity. Table of Contents 1 Purpose of This Document………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5 2 Scope………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5 3 Background……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6 4 Definitions……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8 5 General …
You have a car seat for your child’s protection, but even the most protective parents can be confused by car seat expiration dates. Car seats aren’t perishable foodstuffs that go “off” after a set amount of time, but they do …
A discussion about passive and active wheel speed sensors Repair procedure: Passive and active wheel speed sensors are both used on today’s vehicles. Both sensors’ visual appearances are very close. Each sensor functions completely different from the other. An (active) …