Electronic Brakeforce Distribution (EBD)

What is EBD?

EBD stands for Electronic Brakeforce Distribution,
An automotive technology used as a safety feature.

Why is EBD used?

EBD is an automotive brake technology used to vary the brake force on
Each wheel of a vehicle automatically based on road conditions, speed, load, etc.
It always works with the help of ABS (Anti-lock Braking System).

The weight of a vehicle may not be evenly distributed among all the wheels,
So, in that case, the brake force required on each wheel would also vary.
EBD automatically senses the variation in loads and distributes the brake pressure to
Wheels based on the requirements. This helps in stopping the vehicle without losing control over it.

How EBD works?

Friction is the most important aspect of making a car move in the right direction. Whether we accelerate or apply brakes,
Friction between the tires and road helps in making the car move forward and;
Also, stop it without losing control. But in some conditions (e.g. icy roads), there is not enough friction to stop the vehicle and also to steer the vehicle.

It is important to drive carefully to avoid losing control of a vehicle,
When driving on roads providing less friction. When one suddenly applies the brake,
There is always a chance of a wheel lock, which can lead to skidding. ABS helps in preventing wheel lock by sensing the slip ratio
(Slip ratio is the difference of the speed at which a vehicle is moving to the rotating speed of a tire).
ABS can calculate the slip ratio of individual tires and
Vary the brake force applied to each tire, therefore avoid skidding.

EBD is also useful when a car is negotiating a turn. While turning, the outer wheels of a vehicle rotate faster than the inner wheels. There might be a scenario where too much brake force is applied to the inner wheels, therefore leading to oversteering. EBD can sense the slipping of inner wheels and reduce the brake force applied to the inner wheels and help the vehicle negotiating the curve safely.

Also, read:

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• ELECTRIC PARKING BRAKE (EPB): COMPONENTS, WORKING PRINCIPLE, AND TYPES
• How Hydraulic Brake Works?
• Difference between Drum Brake and Disc Brake

EBD components:

Speed sensors:

To sense the speed at which each wheel rotates and,
Also, to sense the speed at which a vehicle is moving. There is no specific sensor used to sense the speed of a vehicle. The average speed of all wheels rotating is considered as the vehicle speed.

Brake force modulator:

It is used to vary the brake force supplied to each wheel hydraulically. The ECU actuates the valves to vary the brake force.

Electronic Control Unit (ECU):

It receives input from the speed sensors,
Calculates the slip ratio of each wheel and actuates the brake force modulator to
Vary the brake pressure on each wheel to avoid skidding.

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