What’s wishbone suspension?
First of all, it’s important to clear up the confusion between wishbone and double-wishbone suspension systems.
Other suspension systems, like the MacPherson strut suspension, feature a single control arm which is sometimes known as a wishbone.
This means that, technically, these single control arm suspension systems can also be considered a wishbone system.
However, most people refer to a double-wishbone setup as a ‘wishbone’ system.
To keep things clear, we’ll use the term ‘double wishbone’ here.
Since being first installed in cars over a century ago, the double-wishbone suspension has helped to improve driving comfort, even on the bumpiest roads.
It’s an independent suspension system, meaning that the suspension on each wheel is separate, so bumps in the road primarily affect the contacted wheel.
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How does double-wishbone suspension work?
Double wishbone suspension allows each wheel to act and react independently from the others.
It achieves this thanks to two wishbone-shaped arms (also known as control arms or double A-arms) that are located between the knuckle on the wheel assembly and the car’s chassis.
The upper and lower control arms have ball joints on both ends to allow movement in multiple directions.
Vertical movement is controlled through the shock absorber and coil spring which are mounted on the wishbones.
By carefully adjusting the relationship between the upper and lower control arms’ lengths and relative angles, a technician can modify the car’s ride and handling.
This includes controlling the wheel’s motions, via parameters like camber angle, caster angle, toe pattern, roll centre height, scrub radius and scuff.
READ: 5 SUSPENSION MODS YOU SHOULD NEVER DO TO YOUR CAR
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Which types of cars use double-wishbone suspension?
Double wishbone suspension systems are common on high-performance cars and sporty sedans.
Popular cars with double-wishbone suspension systems include:
- Alfa Romeo Giulia 952
- Lancia Delta S4
- Mercedes-Benz (most models)
- Toyota Tundra
- MG Rover TF
- Honda Accord and Aston Martin DB7.
It’s also popular on open-wheel race cars, such as Formula 1 or Indianapolis, where the control arms are visible as they extend from the body to the wheel assembly.
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What are the advantages of double wishbone suspension?
Double wishbone suspension offers drivers a smoother driving experience, especially on bumpy roads as it doesn’t affect wheel alignment, unlike single wishbone systems, like a MacPherson strut suspension.
And, as we’ve already seen, the double-wishbone suspension gives technicians flexibility to adjust parameters like camber, caster and toe to meet the requirements of the track or road.
Also, as there isn’t a shock absorber sticking out of the top of the wheel hub, this type of suspension requires less vertical space.
This means you don’t need to raise the ride height, negatively affects handling by increasing the centre of gravity.
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And, what are the disadvantages of double wishbone suspension?
There’s no denying that a double-wishbone suspension is more complex – and therefore more expensive – to design, produce and maintain than other types of suspension, including the MacPherson strut suspension.
If one of the many parts fails, the whole system needs to be serviced and repaired, which tends to take longer than other suspension systems.
Additionally, the high number of parts means a double-wishbone suspension system is heavier and takes up more space (horizontally) than other suspension systems.
Lastly, the system is difficult to adapt to front-wheel-drive cars, so it is not appropriate for every make and model of car.
So, is double-wishbone suspension best for my car?
To go back to our short answer, this depends on the make and model of your car.
For some cars, the added comfort and performance of double wishbone suspension will offset the extra complication and expense of the installation and maintenance.
However, for other cars, it either won’t be possible or won’t make enough of a difference for it to be worthwhile.
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